LogeionPerseus analysis of γάρ:
γάρ (for): indeclform (particle)
LSJ entry
γάρ
γάρ (
γε, ἄρα),
causal Conj., used alone or with other Particles. d. in answers to questions or statements challenging assent or denial, yes, . . , no, . . ,
οὔκουν . . ἀνάγκη ἐστί;—ἀνάγκη γ. οὖν, ἔφη,
ay doubtless it is necessary, X. Cyr. 2.1.7,
cf. §§
4 and 13;
indicating assent, ἔχει γ. Pl. Phdr. 268a;
ἱκανὸς γ., ἔφη, συμβαίνει γ., ἔφη,
Id. R. 502b,
502c,cf. Ap. 41a,
etc.; οὔκουν δὴ τό γʼ εἰκός.—οὐ γ.:
Id. Phdr. 276c.
2. by inversion, preceding the fact explained, since, as,
Ἀτρεΐδη, πολλοὶ γ. τεθνᾶσιν Ἀχαιοί . . τῷ σε χρὴ πόλεμον παῦσαι Il. 7.328;
χρόνου δὲ οὐ πολλοῦ διελθόντος (
χρῆν γ. Κανδαύλῃ γενέσθαι κακῶς)
ἔλεγε πρὸς τὸν Γύγην τοιάδε, Γύγη, οὐ γ. σε δοκέω πείθεσθαι . . (
ὦτα γ. τυγχάνει κτλ.)
, ποίει ὅκως . .
Hdt. 1.8.
cf. 6.102,
al.; εἶεν, σὺ γ. τούτων ἐπιστήμων, τί χρὴ ποιεῖν;
Pl. Phd. 117a;
the principal proposition is sts. a. freq. in Trag. dialogue and Pl.,
when yes or no may be supplied from the context, καὶ δῆτʼ ἐτόλμας τούσδʼ ὑπερβαίνειν νόμους;—οὐ γ. τί μοι Ζεὺς ἦν ὁ κηρύξας τάδε [yes], for it was not Zeus, etc., S. Ant. 450,
cf. OT 102,
etc.; καλῶς γὰρ αὐτὸς ἠγάνισαι Pl. Smp. 194a;
freq. in phrase ἔστι γ. οὕτω [yes], for so it is, i. e. yes certainly: λέγεταί τι καινόν; γένοιτο γ. ἄν τι καινότερον ἢ . . ;
[why,] could there be . . ?
D. 4.10;
with negs., Ar. Ra. 262 τούτῳ γ. οὐ νικήσετε [do so], yet shall ye never prevail by this means: for ἀλλὰ γ.,
v. infr. II.1. 4. in abrupt questions, why, what,
τίς γ. σε θεῶν ἐμοὶ ἄγγελον ἧκεν;
why who hath sent thee? Il. 18.182;
πῶς γ. νῦν . . εὕδουσι;
10.424;
πατροκτονοῦσα γ. ξυνοικήσεις ἐμοί;
what,
wilt thou . . ?
A. Ch. 909:
generally, after interrog. Particles, ἦ γ. . . ;
what,
was it . . ?
S. OT 1000,
1039,
etc.; τί γ.;
quid enim?
i. e. it must be so, Id. OC 539,
542,
547,
etc.; τί γ. δή ποτε;
D. 21.44;
also πῶς γ.; πῶς γ. οὔ;, v. πῶς. 1. ἀλλὰ γ. where γάρ gives the reason of a clause to be supplied between ἀλλά and itself, as ἀλλʼ ἐν γὰρ Τρώων πεδίῳ . .
but [
far otherwise], for . . ,
Il. 15.739;
ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἥκουσʼ αἵδʼ ἐπὶ πρᾶγος πικρόν but [
hush], for . . ,
A. Th. 861;
ἀλλʼ οὐ γ. σʼ ἐθέλω . .
but [
look out] for . . ,
Il. 7.242;
in full, ἀλλʼ οὐ γάρ σφιν ἐφαίνετο κέρδιον εἶναι μαίεσθαι προτέρω, τοὶ μὲν πάλιν αὖτις ἔβαινον Od. 14.355;
ἀλλʼ, οὐ γ. ἔπειθε, διδοῖ τὸ φᾶρος Hdt. 9.109.
B. POSITION: γάρ prop. stands after the first word in a clause, but in Pocts it freq. stands third or fourth, when the preceding words are closely connected, as ὁ μὲν γὰρ . .
S. Aj. 764;
χἠ ναῦς γὰρ . .
Id. Ph. 527;
τό τʼ εἰκαθεῖν γὰρ . .
Id. Ant. 1096;
τὸ μὴ θέμις γὰρ . .
A. Ch. 641,
cf. 753:
also in Prose, τὸ κατʼ ἀξίαν γὰρ . .
Arist. EN 1163b11:
sts. for metrical reasons, where there is no such connexion, as third (
A. Ag. 222.729,
S. Ph. 219 (all lyr.)), fourth (
Ar. Av. 1545);
in later Com. fifth (
Men. 462.2);
sixth (
Antiph. 26.22);
seventh (
Men. Epit. 531,
Pk. 170,
Athenio 1.5);
once sixth in S.,
καιρὸς καὶ πλοῦς ὅδʼ ἐπείγει γὰρ κατὰ πρύμναν Ph. 1451.