LogeionPerseus analysis of διά:
διά (through): indeclform (prep)
LSJ entry
διά
διά,
poet. διαί (
Aeol. ζά,
q.v.), Prep. governing gen. and acc.— Rad. sense, 1. of motion in a line, from one end to the other, right through, in Hom. freq. of the effect of weapons, διὰ μὲν ἀσπίδος ἦλθε . . ἔγχος καὶ διὰ θώρηκος . . Il. 3.357;
δουρὶ βάλεν Δάμασον κυνέης διά 12.183;
διʼ ὤμου . . ἔγχος ἦλθεν 4.481;
in Prose, τιτρώσκειν διὰ τοῦ θώρακος X. An. 1.8.26;
διὰ τοῦ ὀρόφου ἐφαίνετο πῦρ ib.7.4.16:
also of persons, διὰ Σκαιῶν πεδίονδʼ ἔχον ὠκέας ἵππους out through the Scaean gate, Il. 3.263;
διʼ ἠέρος αἰθέρʼ ἵκανεν quite through the lower air even to the ether, Il. 14.288,
cf. 2.458;
διὰ Τρώων πέτετο straight through them, 13.755;
διʼ ὄμματος . . λείβων δάκρυον S. OC 1250,
etc.: also in Compos. with πρό and ἐκ, v. διαπρό, διέκ: in adverbial phrases, διὰ πασῶν (sc. χορδῶν), v. διαπασῶν: διὰ πάσης throughout, Th. 1.14;
διὰ κενῆς idly, Id. 4.126,
etc. (cf. III.1.c). 2. of motion through a space, but not in a line, throughout, over, ἑπόμεσθα διὰ πεδίοιο Il. 11.754;
διʼ ὄρεσφι 10.185,
al.; ὀδύνη διὰ χροὸς ἦλθε through all his frame, 11.398;
τεῦχε βοὴν διὰ ἄστεος Od. 10.118;
διʼ ὁμίλου Il. 6.226,
etc.; θορύβου διὰ τῶν τάξεων ἰόντος X. An. 1.8.16,
cf. 2.4.26,
etc.; later, in quoting an authority, ἱστορεῖ δ. τῆς δευτέρας in the course of . ., Ath. 10.438b.
5. in Prose, of Intervals of Space, δ. τριήκοντα δόμων at intervals of thirty layers, i. e. after every thirtieth layer, Hdt. 1.179;
δ. δέκα ἐπάλξεων at every tenth battlement, Th. 3.21;
cf. infr. II.3: of a single interval, δ. πέντε σταδίων at a distance of five stades, Hdt. 7.30,
cf. 198;
δ. τοσούτου μᾶλλον ἢ δ. πολλῶν ἡμερῶν ὁδοῦ at so short a distance, etc., Th. 2.29;
δ. πολλοῦ at a great distance apart, Id. 3.94;
δ. πλείστου Id. 2.97;
διʼ ἐλάσσονος Id. 3.51;
ὕδατα δ. μακροῦ ἀλόμενα Hp. Aër. 9,
etc. 1. of duration from one end of a period to the other, throughout, δ. παντὸς [τοῦ χρόνου]
Hdt. 9.13;
διʼ ὅλου τοῦ αἰῶνος Th. 1.70;
διʼ αἰῶνος S. El. 1024;
διʼ ἡμέρας ὅλης Ar. Pax 27;
διʼ ὅλης τῆς νυκτός X. An. 4.2.4,
etc.: without an Adj.,
διʼ ἡμέρης all day long, Hdt. 1.97;
δ. νυκτός Th. 2.4,
X. An. 4.6.22 (but δ. νυκτός in the course of the night, by night, Act.Ap. 5.19,
PRyl. 138.15 (i A. D.),
etc.); δ. νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας Pl. R. 343b;
διʼ ἐνιαυτοῦ, διʼ ἔτους, Ar. Fr. 569.8,
V. 1058;
δ. βίου Pl. Smp. 183e,
etc.; δ. τέλους from beginning to end, A. Pr. 275,
Pl. R. 519c,
etc.: with Adjs. alone, δ. παντός continually, A. Ch. 862 (lyr.), etc.; διʼ ὀλίγου for a short time, Th. 1.77;
δ. μακροῦ E. Hec. 320;
ὁ δ. μέσου χρόνος Hdt. 8.27.
2. of the interval which has passed between two points of Time, δ. χρόνου πολλοῦ or δ. πολλοῦ χρ. after a long time, Id. 3.27,
Ar. Pl. 1045;
δ. μακρῶν χρόνων Pl. Ti. 22d:
without an Adj.,
δ. χρόνου after a time, S. Ph. 758,
X. Cyr. 1.4.28,
etc.; διʼ ἡμερῶν after several days, Ev.Marc. 2.1;
and with Adjs. alone, διʼ ὀλίγου Th. 5.14;
οὐ δ. μακροῦ Id. 6.15,
91;
δ. πολλοῦ Luc. Nigr. 2,
etc.: with Numerals, διʼ ἐτέων εἴκοσι Hdt. 6.118,
cf. OGI 56.38
(iii B. C.),
etc.: but δ. τῆς ἑβδόμης till the seventh day, Luc. Hist.Conscr. 21:
also distributively, χρόνος δ. χρόνου προὔβαινε time after time, S. Ph. 285;
ἄλλος διʼ ἄλλου E. Andr. 1248.
a. of the Agent, διʼ ἀλλέλων or -ου ἐπικηρυκεύεσθαι, ποιεῖσθαι, by the mouth of . ., Id. 1.69,
6.4,
cf. 1.113;
διʼ ἑρμηνέως λέγειν X. An. 2.3.17,
etc.; τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑπὸ Κυρίου δ. τοῦ προφήτου Ev.Matt. 1.22;
διʼ ἑκόντων ἀλλʼ οὐ δ. βίας ποιεῖσθαι Pl. Phlb. 58b;
πεσόντʼ ἀλλοτρίας διαὶ γυναικός by her doing, A. Ag. 448 (lyr.); ἐκ θεῶν γεγονὼς δ. βασιλέων πεφυκώς X. Cyr. 7.2.24;
διʼ ἑαυτοῦ ποιεῖν τι of oneself, not by anotherʼs agency, ib.1.1.4,
etc.; but also, by oneself alone, unassisted, D. 15.14,
cf. 22.38.
c. of Manner (where διά with its Noun freq. serves as an Adv.),
δ. μέθης ποιήσασθαι τὴν συνουσίαν Pl. Smp. 176e;
παίω διʼ ὀργῆς through passion, in passion, S. OT 807;
δ. τάχους, = ταχέως, Id. Aj. 822,
Th. 1.63 (but δ. ταχέων ib.80,
al.); δ. σπουδῆς in haste, hastily, E. Ba. 212;
διʼ αἰδοῦς with reverence, respectfully, ib.441;
δ. ψευδῶν ἔπη lying words, Id. Hel. 309;
αἱ δ. καρτερίας ἐπιμέλειαι long-continued exertions, X. Mem. 2.1.20;
διʼ ἀκριβείας, δ. πάσης ἀκρ., Pl. Ti. 23d,
Lg. 876c;
δ. σιγῆς Id. Grg. 450c;
δ. ξυμφορῶν ἡ ξύμβασις ἐγένετο Th. 6.10;
οὐ διʼ αἰνιγμάτων, ἀλλʼ ἐναργῶς γέγραπται Aeschin. 3.121;
διʼ αἵματος, οὐ δ. μέλανος τοὺς νόμους ὁ Δράκων ἔγραψεν Plu. Sol. 17:
also with Adjs., δ. βραχέων, δ. μακρῶν τοὺς λόγους ποιεῖσθαι, Isoc. 14.3,
Pl. Grg. 449b;
ἀποκρίνεσθαι δ. βραχυτάτων ibid. d; cf. infr. IV. b. with Verbs of motion, δ. μάχης ἐλεύσονται will engage in battle, Hdt. 6.9;
ἐλθεῖν Th. 4.92;
δ. παντὸς πολέμου, δ. φιλίας ἰέναι τινί, X. An. 3.2.8;
δ. δίκης ἰέναι τινί go to law with . .,
S. Ant. 742,
cf. Th. 6.60;
δ. τύχης ἰέναι S. OT 773;
διʼ ὀργῆς ἥκειν Id. OC 905;
ἐμαυτῷ δ. λόγων ἀφικόμην I held converse with myself, E. Med. 872;
δ. λόγων, δ. γλώσσης ἰέναι come to open speech, Id. Tr. 916,
Supp. 112;
δ. φιλημάτων ἰέναι come to kissing, Id. Andr. 416;
δ. δικαιοσύνης ἰέναι καὶ σωφροσύνης Pl. Prt. 323a,
etc.; δ. πυρὸς ἰέναι (v. πῦρ):
in pass. sense, διʼ ἀπεχθείας ἐλθεῖν τινι to be hated by . .,
A. Pr. 121 (anap.). 1. of persons, thanks to, by aid of, νικῆσαι δ . . . Ἀθήνην Od. 8.520,
cf. 13.121;
δ. δμῳὰς . . εἷλον 19.154;
δ. σε by thy fault or service, S. OC 1129,
Ar. Pl. 145,
cf. 160,
170:
in Prose, by reason of, on account of, δʼ ἡμᾶς Th. 1.41,
cf. X. An. 7.6.33,
D. 18.249;
οὐ διʼ ἐμαυτόν And. 1.144;
so εἰ μὴ διά τινα if it had not been for . ., εἰ μὴ διʼ ἄνδρας ἀγαθούς Lys. 12.60;
Μιλτιάδην εἰς τὸ βάραθρον ἐμβαλεῖν ἐψηφίσαντο, καὶ εἰ μὴ δ. τὸν πρύτανιν ἐνέπεσεν ἄν Pl. Grg. 516e,
cf. D. 19.74;
εἰ μὴ δ. τὴν ἐκείνου μέλλησιν Th. 2.18,
cf. Ar. V. 558;
πλέονʼ ἔλπομαι λόγον Ὀδυσσέος ἢ πάθαν γενέσθαι διʼ Ὅμηρον Pi. N. 7.21.
2. of things, to express the Cause, Occasion, or Purpose, διʼ ἐμὴν ἰότητα because of my will, Il. 15.41;
Διὸς μεγάλου δ. βουλάς Od. 8.82;
διʼ ἀφραδίας for, through want of thought, 19.523;
διʼ ἀτασθαλίας 23.67;
διʼ ἔνδειαν by reason of poverty, X. An. 7.8.6;
δ. καῦμα, δ. χειμῶνα, ib.1.7.6;
διʼ ἄγνοιαν καὶ ἀμαθίαν Pl. Prt. 360b,
etc.: freq. also with neut. Adjs., δ. τί; wherefore?; δ. τοῦτο, δ. ταῦτα on this account; διʼ ὅ, διʼ ἅ on which account; δ. πολλά for many reasons, etc. II. in different directions, as in διαπέμπω, διαφορέω; of separation, asunder, διαιρέω, διαλύω; of difference or disagreement, at variance, διαφωνέω, διαφέρω; or simply mutual relation, one with another, διαγωνίζομαι, διάδω, διαθέω, διαπίνω, διαφιλοτιμέομαι.