A. downwards.

A. WITH GEN.,

I. denoting motion from above, down from, βῆ δὲ κατʼ Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων, κατʼ Ἰδαίων ὀρέων, βαλέειν κ. πέτρης, Il. 22.187, 16.677, Od. 14.399; κατʼ οὐρανοῦ εἰλήλουθας Il. 6.128; καθʼ ἵππων ἀΐξαντε ib.232; δάκρυα . . κ. βλεφάρων χαμάδις ῥέε 17.438; ἵεις σαυτὸν κ. τοῦ τείχους Ar. V. 355; ἁλόμενοι κ. τῆς πέτρας X. An. 4.2.17; κ. τῶν πετρῶν ὦσαι Pl. Phdr. 229c; κ. κρημνῶν ῥιφέντες Id. Lg. 944a:— for κατʼ ἄκρης v. ἄκρα: Μοῖσα κ. στόματος χέε νέκταρ Theoc. 7.82 (but perh. in sense II.1).

II. denoting downward motion,

1. down upon or over, κ. χθονὸς ὄμματα πήξας Il. 3.217; of the dying, κατὰ . . ὀφθαλμῶν κέχυτʼ ἀχλύς a cloud settled upon the eyes, 5.696, cf. 20.321; τὸν δὲ κατʼ ὀφθαλμῶν . . νὺξ ἐκάλυψεν 13.580; φᾶρος κὰκ κεφαλῆς εἴρυσσε down over . . , Od. 8.85; [κόπρος] κ. σπείους κέχυτο . . πολλή 9.330; ὕδωρ κ. χειρός, v. χείρ; μύρον κ. τῆς κεφαλῆς καταχέαντες Pl. R. 398a; νάρκη μου κ. τῆς χειρὸς καταχεῖται Ar. V. 713; κ. τῆς τραπέζης καταπάσας τέφραν Id. Nu. 177; ξαίνειν κ. τοῦ νώτου πολλὰς [πληγάς] D. 19.197; ἐσκεδασμένοι κ. τῆς χώρας Plb. 1.17.10; οἱ κ. νώτου πονοῦντες Id. 3.19.7; ῥόπαλον ἤλασα κὰκ κεφαλῆς Theoc. 25.256; κ. κόρρης παίειν, = ἐπὶ κόρρης, Luc. Cat. 12, al.

b. Geom., along, upon, πίπτειν κατʼ [εὐθείας] Archim. Sph.Cyl. 1 Def. 2; αἱ γωνίαι κ. κύκλων περιφερειῶν ἐνεχθήσονται will move on . . , ib.1.23, al., cf. Aristarch.Sam. 1.

2. down into, νέκταρ στάξε κ. ῥινῶν Il. 19.39; of a dart, κ. γαίης ᾤχετο 13.504, etc.; ἔθηκε κατʼ ὄχθης μείλινον ἔγχος 21.172; ψυχὴ κ. χθονὸς ᾤχετο 23.100; κ. γᾶς underground, Pi. O. 2.59; κατʼ ὕδατος under water, Hdt. 2.149; [ποταμὸς] δὺς κ. τῆς γῆς Pl. Phd. 113c, cf. Ti. 25d; κ. γῆς σύμεναι A. Eu. 1007 (anap.); κ. χθονὸς κρύψαι to bury. S. Ant. 24; ὁ κ. γῆς one dead and buried, X. Cyr. 4.6.5; οἱ κ. χθονὸς θεοί A. Pers. 689, etc.; θεοὶ<οἱ> κ. γᾶς Id. Ch. 475 (lyr.), etc.; so κ. θαλάσσης ἀφανίζεσθαι, καταδεδυκέναι, Hdt. 7.6,235; also βᾶτε κατʼ ἀντιθύρων go down by or through . . , S. El. 1433.

3. later, towards a point, τοξεύειν κ. σκοποῦ to shoot at, Hdn. 6.7.8; κατʼ ἰχνῶν τινος ὁδεύειν Luc. Rh.Pr. 9.

4. of vows or oaths, by, καθʼ ἡμῶν ὀμνύναι D. 29.26, cf. 54.38; ἐπιορκήσασα κ. τῶν παίδων Lys. 32.13; esp. of the victims, etc., over which the oath is taken, ὀμνυόντων τὸν ἐπιχώριον ὅρκον καθʼ ἱερῶν τελείων Foed. ap. Th. 5.47, cf. Arist. Ath. 29.5, Foed.Delph.Pell. 1A 9, etc.; κ. τῶν νικητηρίων εὐξάμενοι D. Ep. 1.16; also κατʼ ἐξωλείας ὀμνύναι to imprecate destruction on oneself, Id. 21.119; κατʼ ἐξ. ἐπιορκεῖν Id. 57.22.

b. to make a vow towards, i.e. make a vow of offering . . , κ. χιλίων εὐχὴν ποιήσασθαι χιμάρων Ar. Eq. 660.

5. in hostile sense, against, A. Ch. 221, S. Aj. 304, etc.; κ. πάντων φύεσθαι D. 18.19; esp. of judges giving sentence against a person, A. Th. 198, S. Aj. 449, etc.; ψεύδεσθαι κατά τινος Lys. 22.7; λέγειν κατά τινος κακά S. Ph. 65, cf. X. HG 1.5.2, etc.; of speeches, [λόγος] κ. Μειδίου, etc. (opp. πρὸς Λεπτίνην, in reply to L.); δῶρα εἰληφέναι κατά τινος Din. 3.6, cf. 18.

6. of Time,for, μισθοῦν κ. εἴκοσι ἐτῶν IG 12.94.37; κ. βίου for life, Tab.Heracl. 1.50; κὰπ παντὸς χρόνοι IG 9(2).517.20 (Larissa) (but κ. παντὸς τοῦ χρόνου σκέψασθε D. 22.72 falls under 7); κ. παντὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος ἀείμνηστον Lycurg. 7.

7. in respect of, concerning, μὴ κατʼ ἀνθρώπων σκόπει μόνον τοῦτο Pl. Phd. 70d; κ. τῶν ἄλλων τεχνῶν τοιαῦτα εὑρήσομεν Id. Sph. 253b; οἱ κ. Δημοσθένους ἔπαινοι praises bestowed on D., Aeschin. 3.50; ἐρεῖν or λέγειν κατά τινος to say of one, Pl. Ap. 37b, Prt. 323b, etc.; εἰ κ. θηλείας φαίης A.D. Synt. 198.10; εἴπερ ἕν γέ τι ζητεῖς κ. πάντων Pl. Men. 73d, cf. 74b; ὅπερ εἴρηται καθόλου κ. πασῶν τῶν πολιτειῶν Arist. Pol. 1307b2; freq. in the Logic of Arist., κατά τινος λέγεσθαι or κατηγορεῖσθαι to be predicated of . . , Int.16b10, Cat. 1b10, etc.; καταφῆσαί (or ἀποφῆσαί) τι κατά τινος to affirm (or deny) of . . , Metaph.1007b21; so κ. τινὸς ὑπάρχειν Int. 16b13: and in Adv. καθόλου (q.v.).

B. WITH Acc.,

I. of motion downwards, κ. ῥόον down stream, Od. 14.254, Il. 12.33; opp. ἀνὰ τὸν ποταμόν, Hdt. 2.96; κ. τὸν ποταμόν, κ. τὸ ὑδάτιον, Id. 1.194, Pl. Phdr. 229a; κατʼ οὖρον ἰέναι, ῥεῖν, down (i.e. with) the wind, A. Th. 690, S. Tr. 468; κ. πνεῦμα, κατʼ ἄνεμον ἵστασθαι to leeward, Arist. HA 535a19, 560b13, Dsc. 4.153.

2. with or without signf. of motion, on, over, throughout a space, freq. in Hom., καθʼ Ἑλλάδα καὶ μέσον Ἄργος Od. 1.344; κατʼ Ἀχαΐδα, κ. Τροίην, Il. 11.770, 9.329; κατʼ ἠερόεντα κέλευθα Od. 20.64; κ. πόντον, κῦμα, ὕλην, Il. 4.276, 6.136, 3.151; κ. πτόλιν Od. 2.383; κ. ἄστυ, οἶκον, Il. 18.286, 6.56; κ. ὅμιλον, στρατόν, 3.36, 1.229; κ. κλισίας τε νέας τε ib.487; πόλεμον κάτα δακρυόεντα 17.512; κ. ὑσμίνην, μόθον, κλόνον, 5.84, 18.159, 16.331; τὸ ὕδωρ κ. τοὺς ταφροὺς ἐχώρει X. Cyr. 7.5.16, etc. (in later Gr. of motion to a place, κ. τὴν Ἰταλίαν Zos. 3.1); καθʼ Ἑλλάδα A. Ag. 578; κ. πτόλιν Id. Th. 6; αἱ σκηναὶ αἱ κ. τὴν ἀγοράν D. 18.169; τὰ κατʼ ἀγροὺς Διονύσια Aeschin. 1.157, etc.; κ. τὸ προάστιον Hdt. 3.54; τύμβον κατʼ αὐτόν A. Th. 528, cf. Supp. 869 (lyr.): Geom., at a point, Euc. 1.1,al.; τέμνειν [σφαῖραν] κ. κύκλον in a circle, Archim. Aren. 1.17; also, in the region of, οἱ κ. τὸν ἥλιον γινόμενοι ἀστέρες Gem. 12.7: freq. in Hom. in describing the place of a wound, βαλεῖν κ. στῆθος, γαστέρα, etc., Il. 11.108, 16.465, al.; νύξε κ. δεξιὸν ὦμον 5.46; οὔτασε κατʼ ἰσχίον 11.339; so βαλεῖν κατʼ ἀσπίδα, κ. ζωστῆρα, 5.537,615; βέλος κ. καίριον ἦλθεν struck upon a vital part, v.l. in 11.439: metaph., ἄχος κ. φρένα τύψε 19.125: generally, κ. φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν in heart and soul, 4.163, al.

3. opposite, over against, κ. Σινώπην πόλιν Hdt. 1.76, cf. 2.148, Th. 2.30, etc.; ἀνὴρ κατʼ ἄνδρα A. Th. 505; μολὼν . . μοι κ. στόμα Id. Ch. 573; κατʼ ὀφθαλμούς τινος LXX 2 Ki. 12.11; οἱ μὲν Ἀθηναῖοι κ. Λακεδαιμονίους ἐγένοντο X. HG 4.2.18; κατʼ Ἀχαιοὺς ἀντετάχθησαν ibid.; ἐν συμποσίῳ . . , περίμενε, μέχρις ἂν γένηται κατὰ σέ Epict. Ench. 15, cf. D.L. 7.108.

II. distributively, of a whole divided into parts, κρῖνʼ ἄνδρας κ. φῦλα, κ. φρήτρας by tribes, by clans, Il. 2.362; κ. σφέας μαχέονται by themselves, separately, ib.366, cf. Th. 4.64; ἐσκήνουν κ. τάξεις X. Cyr. 2.1.25; αὐτὴ καθʼ αὑτήν A. Pr. 1013; κ. κώμας κατοικημένοι in separate villages, Hdt. 1.96; κατʼ ἑωυτοὺς ἕκαστοι ἐτράποντο each to his own home, Id. 5.15; κ. πόλεις ἀποπλεῦσαι, διαλυθῆναι, Th. 1.89, 3.1: στρατιὰ κ. ἕνδεκα μέρη κεκοσμημένη Pl. Phdr. 247a; later οἱ κατʼ ἄνδρα λόγοι PLond. 2.259.72 (i A. D.), cf. D.Chr. 32.6, etc.; ἡ κατʼ οἰκίαν ἀπογραφή PLond. 3.904.20(ii A.D.), etc.; κατʼ ἔπος word by word, Ar. Ra. 802; κατʼ ὄνομα individually, 3 Ep.Jo. 15, etc.; παῖδα κ. κρήνην at each fount a boy, Lyr.Alex.Adesp. 37.13, cf. POxy 2108.9 (iii A.D.).

2. of Time, καθʼ ἡμέραν, κατʼ ἦμαρ, day by day, daily, v. ἡμέρα III; καθʼ ἑνιαυτόν, κατʼ ἔτος, Test.Epict. 6.24, Ev.Luc. 2.41, etc.; κ. μῆνα POxy. 275.18 (i A.D.).

3. of Numbers, by so many at a time, καθʼ ἕνα one at a time, individually, Hdt. 7.104 (later τὸ καθʼ ἕν detailed list, PTeb. 47.34 (ii B.C.), etc.); κ. μίαν τε καὶ δύο by ones and twos, Hdt. 4.113; δύο μνέαι τεταγμέναι κατʼ ἄνδρα αἰχμάλωτον ἕκαστον Id. 6.79; ἐκ τῶν συμμάχων ἐξελέγετο κατʼ ὀλίγους Id. 8.113; κ. τὰς πέντε καὶ εἴκοσι μνᾶς πεντακοσίας δραχμὰς εἰσφέρειν to pay 500 drachmae on every 25 minae, D. 27.7; κ. διακοσίας καὶ τριακοσίας ὁμοῦ τι τάλαντον διακεχρημένον in separate sums of 200 and 300 drachmae, Id. 27.11; of ships, κ. μίαν (sc. ναῦν) in column, Th. 2.90; κ. μίαν ναῦν ἐπιτάττειν Plb. 1.26.12, cf. Th. 2.84: Geom., μετρεῖν, μετρεισθαι κατά . . , measure, be measured a certain number of times, Euc. 7 Def. 8,9,al.; μετρεῖν κ. τὰς ἐν τῷ Β μονάδας as many times as there are units in B, Id. 7.16.

III. of direction towards an object or purpose, πλεῖν κ. πρῆξιν on a business, for or after a matter, Od. 3.72, 9.253; πλάζεσθαι κ. ληΐδα to rove in search of booty, 3.106; κ. ληΐην ἐκπλῶσαι Hdt. 2.152; ἔβη κ. δαῖτα Il. 1.424; ἐπιδημεῖν κατʼ ἐμπορίαν IG 22.141.32, cf. Arist. Ath. 11.1; κ. χρέος τινὸς ἐλθεῖν come to seek his help, consult him, Od. 11.479, etc.; ἵεται κ. τὴν φωνήν Hdt. 2.70; κ. θέαν ἥκειν to have come for the purpose of seeing, Th. 6.31; κ. πλοῦν ἤδη ὤν Id. 7.31; καθʼ ἁρπαγὴν ἐσκεδασμένοι X. An. 3.5.2; κ. τί; for what purpose? why? Ar. Nu. 239.

2. of pursuit, κ. πόδας τινὸς ἐλαύνειν Hdt. 9.89; simply κ. τινά after him, Id. 1.84; ἰέναι κ. τοὺς ἄλλους Id. 9.53; κατʼ ἴχνος on the track, S. Aj. 32, A. Ag. 695 (lyr.); ὥσπερ κατʼ ἴχνη κ. τὰ νῦν εἰρημένα ζῆν Pl. Phd. 115b.

3. Geom., in adverbial phrases, κ. κάθετον in the same vertical line, Archim. Quadr. 6; κατʼ εὐθεῖάν τινι in the same straight line with . . , Papp. 58.7.

IV. of fitness or conformity, in accordance with, κ. θυμόν Il. 1.136; καθʼ ἡμέτερον νόον after our liking, 9.108; κ. νόον πρήξωμεν Hdt. 4.97; κ. μοῖραν as is meet and right, Il. 1.286; κατʼ αἶσαν, κ. κόσμον, 10.445,472; κ. νόμον Hes. Th. 417; κὰν νόμον Pi. O. 8.78; κ. τοὺς νόμους IG 22.1227.15; αἰτίαν καθʼ ἥντινα for what cause, A. Pr. 228; κατʼ ἔχθραν, κ. φθόνον, for (i.e. because of) hatred, envy, Id. Supp. 336, Eu. 686; καθʼ ἡδονήν τι δρᾶν, ποιεῖν, do as one pleases, Th. 2.37,53; κ. τὸ ἔχθος τὸ Θεσσαλῶν Hdt. 8.30, cf. 9.38; κ. φιλίαν, κατʼ ἔχθος, Th. 1.60, 103, etc.; κατʼ ἄλλο μὲν οὐδέν, ὅτι δέ . . for no other reason but that . . , Pl. Phdr. 229d; κ. δύναμιν to the best of oneʼs power, Hdt. 3.142, etc. (κὰδ δ. Hes. Op. 336); κ. τρόπον διοικεῖν arrange suitably, Isoc. 2.6,al.; κατʼ εὐνοίην with goodwill, Hdt. 6.108; κ. τὰ παρηγγελμένα X. An. 2.2.8, etc.; in quotations, according to, κατʼ Αἰσχύλον Ar. Th. 134; κ. Πίνδαρον Pl. Phdr. 227b, etc.

2. in relation to, concerning, τὰ κατʼ ἀνθρώπους = τὰ ἀνθρώπινα, A. Eu. 930, 310; τὰ κ. τὸν Τέλλον Hdt. 1.31; τὰ κ. τὴν Κύρου τελευτήν ib.214; τὰ κ. πόλεμον military matters, Aeschin. 1.181; αἱ κ. τὴν πόλιν οἰκονομίαι (opp. αἱ πολεμικαὶ πράξεις) the management of public affairs, Din. 1.97; τὰ κ. τὰς θυσίας SIG 506.7(Delph., iii B.C.); so τὸ κατʼ ὑμέας as far as concerns you, Hdt. 7.158; τὸ κατʼ ἐμέ as far as I am concerned, D. 18.247; κ. τοῦτο in this respect, Hdt. 5.3, etc.; κ. ταὐτά in the same way, Id. 2.20; καθʼ ὅτι so far as, Th. 1.82, etc.

3. in Comparisons, corresponding with, after the fashion of, κρομύοιο λοπὸν κ. like the coat of an onion, dub. in Od. 19.233; μέλος κ. Φοίνισσαν ἐμπολὰν πέμπεται Pi. P. 2.67; κ. Μιθραδάτην answering to the description of him, Hdt. 1.121; τὴν ἰδέαν κ. πνιγέα like an oven in appearance, Ar. Av. 1001; κηδεῦσαι καθʼ ἑαυτόν to marry in oneʼs own rank of life, A. Pr. 890; οὐ κατʼ ἄνθρωπον φρονεῖν Id. Th. 425; λέγω κατʼ ἄνδρα, μὴ θεόν, σέβειν ἐμέ Id. Ag. 925; οὐ κατὰ σέ none of your sort, Chionid. 1 (but ἵνα προσείπω σε κατὰ σέ to address you in your own style, Pl. Grg. 467c); τὸ κατʼ ἐμὲ καὶ οὐ κατʼ ἐμέ Arr. Epict. 1.28.5; οὐ κ. τὰς Μειδίου λῃτουργίας D. 21.169; ἡ βασιλεία κ. τὴν ἀριστοκρατίαν ἐστί Arist. Pol. 1310b3: freq. after a Comp., μέζων ἢ κατʼ ἀνθρώπων φύσιν Hdt. 8.38, cf. Pl. Ap. 20e, etc.; μείζω ἢ κ. δάκρυα too great for tears, Th. 7.75; ἤθεα βαθύτερα ἢ κ. Θρήϊκας morerefined than was common among the Thracians, Hdt. 4.95.

V. by the favour of a god, etc., κ. δαίμονα Pi. O. 9.28, cf. P. 8.68; κ. θεῖον Ar. Eq. 147 codd. (κ. θεὸν Cobet); κ. τύχην τινά D. 48.24.

VI. of round numbers (v. infr. VII.2), nearly, about, κ. χίλια ἑξακόσια ἔτεα 1600 years more or less, Hdt. 2.145, cf. 6.44, al.; κατʼ οὐδέν next to nothing, Pl. Plt. 302b.

VII. of Time, during or in the course of a period, κ. τὸν πόλεμον Hdt. 7.137; καθʼ ἡμέραν, κατʼ ἦμαρ, by day, A. Ch. 818, Ag. 668; κατʼ εὐφρόνην Id. Pers. 221; κ. χειμῶνα, κ. θερείαν, PLille 1r14 (iii B.C.), PTeb. 27.60 (ii B.C.).

2. about, κ. τὸν αὐτὸν τοῦτον χρόνον Hdt. 3.131, etc.; κ. τοὺς θανάτους τῶν βασιλέων Id. 6.58; esp. with names of persons, κ. Ἄμασιν βασιλεύοντα about the time of Amasis, Id. 2.134; κ. τὸν κ. Κροῖσον χρόνον Id. 1.67; οἱ κατʼ ἐκεῖνον (sc. τὸν Ἀλκιβιάδην) ὑμέτεροι πρόγονοι D. 21.146 (v.l. κατʼ ἐκ. τὸν χρόνον) ; κ. τοὺς Ἡρακλείδας X. Lac. 10.8; οἱ καθʼ ἑαυτοὺς ἄνθρωποι their contemporaries, Id. Mem. 3.5.10.

3. καθʼ ἕτος this year, SIG 284.24 (Erythrae, iv B.C.), OGI 458.64 (i B.C./iA.D.), CIG 3641b5,38 (Lampsacus).

VIII. periphrastically with abstract Subst., κατʼ ἡσυχίην, κ. τάχος, = ἡσύχως, ταχέως, Hdt. 1.9,7.178; κ. κράτος by force, X. HG 2.1.19, etc.; κ. μέρος partially, Arist. Po. 1456a16; individually, severally, Pl. Tht. 157b, Lg. 835a; κ. φύσιν naturally, Hdt. 2.38, Pl. R. 428e; κ. τὴν τέχνην skilfully, Luc. DDeor. 20.7; οὔτʼ ἐμοὶ λέγειν καθʼ ἡδονήν [ἐστι] it is not pleasant for me to tell you, A. Pr. 263.

C. Position: κατά may follow both its cases, and is then written with anastr. κάτα, as Il. 20.221, etc.; so also in tmesi, when it follows its Verb, 17.91.

D. abs. as ADV. in all the above senses, esp. like κάτω, downwards, from above, down, freq. in Hom.

E. κατά in COMPOS.,

I. downwards, down, as in καταβαίνω, καταβάλλω, κατάκειμαι, καταπέμπω, καταπίπτω, καταπλέω 1.

II. in answer to, in accordance with, as in κατᾴδω (occino), καταινέω, καταθύμιος.

III. against, in hostile sense (cf. A.II.5), as in καταγιγνώσκω, κατακρίνω, καταψηφίζομαι: more rarely with a Subst., as καταδίκη.

IV. back, back again, as in κάτειμι, καταπορεύομαι, καταπλέω II.

V. freq. only to strengthen the notion of the simple word, as in κατακόπτω, κατακτείνω, καταφαγεῖν, etc.; also with Substs. and Adjs., as in κατάδηλος, κάτοξος.

VI. sts. to give a trans. force to an intr. Verb, our be-, as in καταθρηνέω bewail.

VII. implying waste or consumption, as in καταλειτουργέω, καθιπποτροφέω, καταζευγοτροφέω: and generally in a disparaging sense, as in καταγιγνώσκω 1.

F. κατά as a Prep. was shortd. in some dialects, esp. in Ep., into κάγ, κάδ, κάκ, κάμ, κάν, κάπ, κάρ, κάτ, before γ, δ, κ, μ, ν, π (or φ) , ῥ, τ (or θ), respectively; see these forms in their own places. Mss. and the older Edd. join the Prep. with the following word, as καγγόνυ, καδδέ, κακκεφαλῆς, καππεδίον, καπφάλαρα, καρρόον, καττάδε, καττόν, etc. In compd. Verbs, κατά sts. changes into καβ, καλ, καρ, κατ, before β, λ, ρ, θ, respectively, as κάββαλε, κάλλιπε, καρρέζουσα, κάτθανε; and before στ, σχ, the second syll. sts. disappears, as in καστορνῦσα, κάσχεθε, as also in the Dor. forms καβαίνων, κάπετον.