A. now, both of the present moment, and of the present time generally, οἳ ν. βροτοί εἰσιν mortals of our day, Il. 1.272 ; so in Ion. and Att., οἱ ν. [ἄνθρωποι] men of the present day, Hdt. 1.68 ; οἵ γε ν. Pi. O. 1.105, B. 5.4, cf. Arist. Metaph. 1069a26 ; ὁ ν. τρόπος, τὸ ν. βαρβαρικόν, Th. 1.6 ; Βοιωτοὶ οἱ ν. ib.12 ; ὁ ν. παρὼν χρόνος S. Tr. 174, al., Pl. Prm. 141e ; ἡμέρα ἡ ν. S. OT 351 ; νὺξ ἡ ν. Id. Ant. 16 ; ἡ ν. ὁδός Id. El. 1295 ; τὸ ν. the present, Arist. Ph. 218a6, al. ; ἀπὸ τοῦ ν. Pl. Prm. 152c, LXXGe. 46.30, etc. ; ἀπὸ ν. AP 5.40 (Rufin.) ; ἕως τοῦ ν. LXXGe. 46.34 ; μέχρι ν. (v.l. μ. τοῦ ν.) D.S. 17.110 ; τὰ ν. simply, = ν., Hdt. 7.104, E. Heracl. 641, etc. ; τό περ ν. Pi. N. 7.101 ; τὰ δὲ ν. S. OC 133 (lyr.) ; τὸ ν. εἶναι Pl. R. 506e, X. Cyr. 5.3.42, Arist. Ath. 31.2 ; τὸ ν. ἔχον Act.Ap. 24.25.

2. of the immediate past, just now, but now, ν. Μενέλαος ἐνίκησεν Il. 3.439, cf. 13.772, Od. 1.43, S. OC 84, X. Cyr. 4.5.48 ; ν. γοῦν ἐπεχείρησας Pl. R. 341c ; ἡλίκα ν. ἐτραγῴδει D. 18.13.

3. of the future, presently, ν. αὖτʼ ἐγχείῃ πειρήσομαι Il. 5.279, cf. 20.307, Od. 1.200 ; ν. φεύξομαι, τόθʼ ἁγνὸς ὤν E. El. 975 ; cf. νῦν δή, νυνί.

4. sts. opp. to what might have been under other circumstances, as it is (or was), as the case stands (or stood), as a matter of fact, ν. δʼ ὁ μὲν ὣς ἀπόλωλε Od. 1.166 ; εἰ μὲν ὑπώπτευον, οὐκ ἂν . . ἐποιούμην· ν. δὲ κτλ. Th. 4.126, cf. 1.122, 3.113, Pl. Cra. 384b, D. 18.195, etc. ; καὶ ν. even so, X. An. 7.4.24,7.7.17.

5. coupled with other Particles, τὰ ν. γε S. Ph. 245, etc. ; ν. γε μάν Pi. P. 1.50 ; ν. δή, v. h. v. : with other expressions of Time, ν. . . σήμερον, ν. ἡμέρη ἥδε, Il. 7.29, 13.828 ; ν. ἤδη henceforth, S. Ant. 801 (anap.), etc. ; ν. . . ἄρτι but now, Pl. Cra. 396c.

II. enclit. (but see below) νυν, νυ. [νυ only Ep., Boeot., and Cypr. (also Arc. in ὅνυ, q. v.) ; νῠν twice in Hom., Il. 10.105, 23.485 : ῡ/ῠ in Trag. (ῡ A. Th. 242,246, S. Ant. 705, E. Or. 1678, etc. ; ῠ S. Tr. 92, E. Andr. 91, etc.), ῡ in Com. (Ar. V. 1381, Pl. 975, al.), exc. Cratin. 144, Ar. Th. 105 (lyr., citing Agatho), and perh. Nu. 141 ; both quantities in τοίνυν, q.v.]

1. rarely of Time, now, perh. so used in Il. 10.105, cf. Parm. 19.1, Pi. P. 11.44, al., Epich. 170.6.

2. in Ep. mostly as a particle of emphasis, ἧκε δʼ ἐπʼ Ἀργείοισι κακὸν βέλος· οἱ δέ νυ λαοὶ θνῇσκον Il. 1.382, etc. : freq. coupled with other Particles or Conjs., ἦ ῥά ν. 4.93 ; καί νύ κεν 3.373 ; οὔ ν., μή νύ τοι, 10.165, 1.28 ; ἐπεί νύ τοι ib.416 ; ὥς νύ περ 2.258.

3. in commands or entreaties, μή ν. μοι νεμεσήσετʼ 15.115 : freq. with other Advbs., δεῦρό ν. come now ! 23.485 ; ἐνταῦθά ν. ὕβριζε A. Pr. 82, cf. Ar. Th. 1001, V. 149, Pl. 724 ; εἶά ν. Id. Pax 467, V. 430, Pl. 316 : freq. with imper., φέρε ν. ib.789 ; ἄγε ν. Id. Pax 1056, V. 381 ; σπεῦδέ ν. Id. Pl. 414 ; σίγαν. S. Aj. 87, Cratin.l.c. ; περίδου ν. Ar. Nu. 644, cf. X. Cyr. 5.3.21, etc. ; ὕφαινέ ν. B. 18.8 ; so in Boeot., ν. ἔνθω IG 7.3172.88 (Orchom.) ; also in Cypr. with opt. in commands, δυϝάνοι ν., δώκοι ν., Inscr.Cypr. 135.6,16 H. (Idalion).

4. in questions, τίς ν. ; τί ν. ; who, what, why now? Il. 5.373, 1.414,4.31 ; ἦ νυ . . ; Od. 6.125. [In signf. I always perispom. In signf. II perispom. exc. when short, Hdn.Gr.2.39, al. ; enclit. when short, sts. in codd., as Il. 23.485 (Pap. in AJP 21.304, etc. ; oxyt. when = δή, Tyrannio ap. Hdn.Gr.2.27 ; καθʼ ὁμαλισμόν or κατʼ ἔγκλισιν when=δή, Sch.Ar. Pl. 414, Sch.A.R. 1.664). In codd. usu. perispom. in both senses, A. Pr. 82, Th. 242, 246, S. Ant. 705,El. 324, Ar. Pl. 414, V. 758,922, etc. ; even νῠν is written νῦν in codd. vett. Pi. passim, also in S. Aj. 87, Tr. 92, etc. ; hence νυν may freq. be restored where the sense requires it. The accent of τοίνυ⏓ν perh. shows that both νῠν and νῡν could be enclitic.—Position : in signf. I νῦν can occupy any position ; in signf. II it prefers (like other enclitics, but also like ἄν, δέ, γάρ, etc.) the second place in the sentence, e.g. πρός νύν σε πατρός S. Ph. 468, cf. OC 1333 ; ἀπό νύν με λείπετʼ ἤδη Id. Ph. 1177 (lyr.) ; μετά νυν δός E. Supp. 56 (lyr.) ; νυ (always enclitic) precedes other enclitics and allows only δέ to precede.] (Cf. Skt. nú, nú¯, nūnám, OE. nū ‘now’, etc.)