1. of Place, back, backwards (the usual sense in early Ep.), mostly joined with Verbs of going, coming, etc.; π. χώρει Hdt. 5.72; π. ἐλεύσεται, κατελθεῖν, ἐπανέλθωμεν, A. Pr. 854, S. OC 601, Pl. Cra. 438a, etc.; κέλευθον ἥνπερ ἦλθες ἐγκόνει π. A. Pr. 962; δίκα καὶ πάντα π. στρέφεται E. Med. 412 (lyr.); δεῦρο σωθήσῃ π. Id. Ph. 725, cf. 1400; δόμεναι π. give back, restore, Il. 1.116, etc.; π. ἀποδοῦναι And. 2.23; π. ἀγκαλέσαι to call back, A. Ag. 1021 (lyr.): less freq. c. gen., π. τράπεθʼ υἷος ἑοῖο she turned back from her son, Il. 18.138; δόρυ Ἀχιλλῆος π. ἔτραπεν 20.439, cf. Od. 7.143: coupled with other Advbs., π. αὖτις ἔβαινον νηὸς ἐπὶ γλαφυρῆς 14.356, cf. Pi. O. 1.65; αὖ π. Od. 13.125; ἂψ π. Il. 18.280; π. εἶσιν ὀπίσσω Od. 11.149; π. φέρεσθαι ἐξοπίσω Hes. Th. 181; ἄψορρον π. S. El. 53; π. οἴκαδε, π. οἴκαδʼ αὖ, Ar. Lys. 792, Ra. 1486; π. αὖ Pl. Prt. 318e, etc.: with the Art., ἡ π. ὁδός E. Or. 125.

2. to express contradiction, π. ἐρέει gainsay, Il. 9.56; π. ὅ γε λάζετο μῦθον took back his word, unsaid it, 4.357; opp. ἀληθέα εἰπεῖν, Od. 13.254; μηδέ τῳ δόξῃ π. let no one think contrariwise, A. Th. 1045: in Prose, contrariwise, Pl. Grg. 482d; π. αὖ Id. R. 507b; αὖ . . π. Id. Ap. 27d: in this sense sts. c. gen., τὸ π. νεότατος youthʼs opposite, Pi. O. 10(11).87; χρόνου τὸ π. the change of time, E. HF 777(lyr.); cf. ἔμπαλιν.

II. of Time, again, once more, rare in Hom., Il. 2.276, cf. S. OT 1166, X. Mem. 1.6.11, etc.: freq. coupled with αὖ, αὖθις (q.v.); π. ἐξ ἀρχῆς Ar. Pax 997, etc.; π. καὶ π. Str. 17.1.3, Plu. 2.565d, Ael. VH 1.4; ἔγχει καὶ π. εἰπέ, π. π. Ἡλιοδώρας" AP 5.135 (Mel.): both senses (I and II) are appropriate in Od. 16.456, Pl. Prt. 322b, etc.

III. in turn, S. El. 371, Ar. Ach. 342, Call. Dian. 87, etc.; π. ὁ Κῦρος ἠρώτα X. An. 1.6.7; π. ἀπαιτῶ Pl. R. 612d; again, πρῶτον μέν . . ἔπειτα π. Arist. Pol. 1289b29, etc. (In compos. πάλιν sts. means doubly, as in παλιμμήκης, παλίνσκιος.)