LogeionPerseus analysis of σύν:
σύν (with): indeclform (prep)
LSJ entry
σύν
σύν [ῠ],
old Att. ξύν;
Boeot. σούν IG 7.3171.39
(Orchom. Boeot.,
iii B.C.):
Prep. with dat. (rarely c. gen., σ. τῶν ἐν αὐτῷ νεκρῶν Mitteis Chr. 129.23
(ii B.C.);
σ. ἡρώων IPE 2.383 (
Phanagoria);
σ. γυναικός ib.301 (
Panticapaeum),
cf. Ostr. 240.5 (ii A.D.),
PLond. 1.113 iv 19 (vi A.D.)):—
A. with. The form ξύν rarely occurs in Hom.,
though it is not rare in compds. even when not required by the metre, as in ξυνέαξα, ξυνοχῇσιν, ξύμβλητο, ξύμπαντα;
Hes. also uses ξύμπας, ξυνιέναι;
in Ion. verse we find ξύν Thgn. 1063 (but σύν Id. 50),
Sol. 19.3 (perh. old Attic), but σύν Archil. 4,
cf. ξυνωνίη, συνίημι;
in early Ion. Prose (including Inscrr., cf. SIG 1.2
(Abu Simbel, vi B.C.), 167.37
(Mylasa, iv B.C.),
etc.) ξύν is only found in ξυνίημι Heraclit. 51,
Democr. 95 (cf. ἀξύνετος, ἀξυνεσίη, ξύνεσις),
and in the phrase ξὺν νῷ (
νόῳ codd.) Heraclit. 114,
Democr. 35;
Hdt. has only σύν,
and in codd. Hp. ξύν has weaker authority than σύν (i p.cxxv Kuehlewein); in the late Ionic of Aret.,
ξύν prevails over σύν;
in Aeol. and Dor. it is rare, ξυνοίκην Sapph. 75;
ξυναλίαξε Ar. Lys. 93;
elsewh. Dor. σύν,
Leg.Gort. 5.6,
IG 9(1).334.47 (
Locr.,
v B.C.),
etc.; but in old Att. Inscrr. ξύν is the only form up to 500
B.C.; σύν appears in v B.C. and becomes usual towards the end; after 378
B.C. ξύν survives only in the formula γνώμην δὲ ξυμβάλλεσθαι κτλ.;
the phrase ξὺν νῷ is found in Ar. Nu. 580,
Pl. Cri. 48c,
Men. 88b,
R. 619b (
σὺν E. Or. 909);
otherwise, of Att. Prose writers Th. alone uses the preposition ξύν,
Antipho and Lysias have ξυν- a few times in compds.; codd. Pl. have both ξυν- (
Lg. 930a,
al.) and συν-;
in Antipho Soph. Oxy. 1364,
Aristox.,
Arr.,
Ael.,
and Anon.Rhythm. ξυν- is very freq.; in Trag. both forms occur. The Prep. σύν gradually gave way to μετά with gen., so that whereas A. has 67
examples of σύν to 8
of μετά with gen., the proportions in Th. are 400
of μετά to 37
of σύν,
in D. 346
of μετά to 15
of σύν,
and in Arist. 300
of μετά to 8
of σύν:
for these and other statistics see C. J. T. Mommsen,
Beiträge zur Lehre von den griechischen Präpositionen (Frankfurt 1886-95):
in Att. Prose and Com. σύν is restricted for the most part to signf. 8, 9
and a few phrases, such as σὺν θεῷ, σὺν (τοῖς) ὅπλοις;
Xenophon uses it freely, having 556
examples to 275
of μετά;
in Pap., NT,
and later Prose its use is much less restricted (v. infr.). 2. with collat. notion of help or aid, σ. θεῷ with Godʼs help or blessing,
as God wills, Il. 9.49;
σ. σοί, πότνα θεά Od. 13.391;
πέμψον δέ με σ. γε θεοῖσιν Il. 24.430,
cf. 15.26;
σ. θεῷ φυτευθεὶς ὄλβος Pi. N. 8.17;
σ. θεῷ εἰρημένον spoken as by inspiration, Hdt. 1.86;
σ. θεῷ δʼ εἰρήσεται Ar. Pl. 114;
σ. θεῷ εἰπεῖν Pl. Tht. 151b,
Prt. 317b;
ξ. θεοῖς Th. 1.86;
so σ. δαίμονι, σ. Ἀθήνῃ καὶ Διί,
Il. 11.792,
20.192;
σ. χαρίτεσσιν Pi. N. 9.54,
cf. P. 9.2;
ξ. τῷ θεῷ πᾶς καὶ γελᾷ κὠδύρεται S. Aj. 383;
also θεοῦ σ. παλάμᾳ, σ. θεοῦ τύχᾳ,
Pi. O. 10(11).21,
N. 6.24:
generally, of personal cooperation, σ. σοὶ φραζέσθω let him consult with you, Il. 9.346;
λοχησάμενος σ. ἑταίρῳ Od. 13.268;
ξ. τῇ βουλῇ in consultation with the Council, IG 12.63.17;
σ. τινὶ μάχεσθαι fight at his side,
X. Cyr. 5.3.5,
cf. HG 4.1.34;
σ. τινὶ εἶναι or γίγνεσθαι to be with another, i.e.on his side, of his party,
Id. An. 3.1.21,
Smp. 5.10;
οἱ σ. αὐτῷ his friends, followers, Id. An. 1.2.15,
cf. Act.Ap. 14.4,
etc. 4. of things that belong, or are attached, to a person, σ. νηΐ or σ. νηυσί,
i.e. on board ship, Il. 1.389,
179,
etc.; σ. νηυσὶν ἀλαπάξαι,
opp. πεζός,
9.328 (so in Prose, σ. ναυσὶ προσπλεῖν X. HG 2.2.7,
etc.); σ. ἵπποισιν καὶ ὄχεσφιν Il. 5.219;
esp. of arms, μιν κατέκηε σ. ἔντεσι 6.418;
στῆ δʼ εὐρὰξ σ. δουρί 15.541;
ἀντιβίην or ἀντίβιον σ. ἔντεσι or σ. τεύχεσι πειρηθῆναι,
5.220,
11.386;
σ. ἔντεσι μάρνασθαι 13.719;
σκῆπτρον, σ. τῷ ἔβη 2.47;
ἄγγελος ἦλθε . . σ. ἀγγελίῃ ib.787; σ. (or ξ.) ὅπλοις Th. 2.2,
al., Pl. Lg. 947c,
Aen.Tact. 17.1; σ. (or ξ.) τοῖς ὅπλοις Th. 2.90,
4.14,
Hell.Oxy. 10.1,
Pl. Lg. 763a,
Aen.Tact. 11.8;
σ. ἐγχειριδίοις Hell.Oxy. 10.2;
ξ. ξιφιδίῳ καὶ θώρακι Th. 3.22;
ξ. ἑνὶ ἱματίῳ Id. 2.70; in some such cases σ. is little more than expletive, as σ. τεύχεσι θωρηχθέντες Il. 8.530,
etc.: with αὐτός (cf. αὐτός I.5), chiefly in Hom.,
ἀνόρουσεν αὐτῇ σ. φόρμιγγι Il. 9.194,
cf. 14.498;
αὐτῷ σ. τε λίνῳ καὶ ῥήγεϊ Od. 13.118.
6. of necessary connexion or consequence, σὺν μεγάλῳ ἀποτεῖσαι to pay with a great loss, i.e. suffer greatly, Il. 4.161;
δημοσίῳ σ. κακῷ with loss to the public, Thgn. 50;
σ. τῷ σῷ ἀγαθῷ to your advantage, X. Cyr. 3.1.15;
ὤλοντο . . σὺν μιάς ματι with pollution, S. Ant. 172;
to denote agreement, in accordance with,
σ. τῷ δικαίῳ καὶ καλῷ X. An. 2.6.18;
σ. δίκᾳ Pi. P. 9.96;
σ. κόσμῳ Hdt. 8.86,
Arist. Mu. 398b23;
σ. τάχει S. El. 872,
etc. 8. including,
κεφάλαιον σ. ἐπωνίοις IG 12.329.5,
cf. 22.1388.85, 1407.12,
al.; τοῦ Πειραιῶς ξ. Μουνυχίᾳ Th. 2.13,
cf. 4.124,
5.26,
74,
7.42,
8.90,
95;
δισχίλιαι γάρ εἰσι (sc. δραχμαὶ)
σ. ταῖς Νικίου Ar. Fr. 100;
ἀνήλωσα σ. τῇ τῆς σκευῆς ἀναθέσει ἑκκαίδεκα μνᾶς Lys. 21.4,
cf. 2;
αἶγας ἀπέδοτο σ. τῷ αἰπόλῳ τριῶν καὶ δέκα μνῶν Is. 6.33,
cf. 8.8,
35,
11.42,
46,
Aeschin. 2.162,
D. 19.155,
27.23,al., Arist. HA 525b15,
17,
Ath. 19.6,
Hipparch. 1.1.9,
al., PSI 10.1124.14 (ii A.D.).
I. with, along with, together, at the same time,
hence of any kind of union, connexion, or participation in a thing, and metaph. of agreement or unity. In Compos. with a trans. Verb σύν may refer to the Object as well as the Subject, as συγκατακτείνειν may mean kill one person as well as another,
or, join with another in killing. 2. of the completion of an action, altogether, completely,
as in συνάγνυμι, συνασκέω 2,
συνθρύπτω, συγκόπτω, συμπατέω, συμπληρόω, συντελέω, συντέμνω;
sts., therefore, it seems only to strengthen the force of the simple word.