4.4.1
Logeion
Perseus analysis of υἱός:
υἱός (son): masc nom sg
LSJ entry
υἱός
υἱός
,
ὁ
(written
ϝhιός
in
Ἀρχ.
Ἐφ.
1931.103
(Nemea,
vi
B.
C.
)),
declined
regul.
υἱοῦ,
υἱῷ,
υἱόν,
but
in
Att.
Inscrr.
only
after
350
B.C.
(exc.
υἱός
IG
12.529,530, 598, 625;
ὑός
ib.
585, 828;
ὑόν
ib.70.8),
and
then
always
so:
—in
earlier
Att.
and
other
Inscrr.
inflected
as
a
ῠ
-stem
(like
πῆχυς
),
nom.
υἱύς
(written
hυιhυς
)
Klein
Vasen
mit
Meister-signaturen
72 (
Brit.Mus.Cat.
701) (
ὑύς
IG
12.571, 670, 686;
contr.
ὕς
ib.663);
gen.
υἱέος
(
ὑέος
IG
22.4883);
dat.
υἱεῖ
:
dual
υἱεῖ
Lys. 19.46
,
written
hυιε
in
IG
12.775
(corrupted
to
υἱέε
in
Pl. Ap. 20a
cod.
B),
υἱέοιν
:
pl.
υἱεῖς
(
ὑεῖς
IG
12.115.14,
al.),
υἱέων,
υἱέσι
(
S. Ant. 571
,
Ar. Nu. 1001
(anap.)),
ὑέ[σιν
] (
IG
12.54.14),
υἱεῖς
(
ὑεῖς
IG
22.1.73):
but
gen.
υἱέως,
and
acc.
υἱέα,
υἱέας,
which
are
formed
as
though
from
nom.
*υἱεύς,
are
rejected
by
Phryn.
48,49,
Thom.Mag.p.367
R.,
as
not
Att.
,
though
the
two
latter
forms
are
used
by
later
writers
(as
υἱέα
Euph. 5
,
Arr. Cyn. 16
,
ὑέα
IG
42(1).244.4
(Epid.,
ii
B.
C.
),
but
υἱέως
is
f.
l.
in
Th. 1.13
,
J. AJ 18.2.4
,
etc.):
dat.
pl.
υἱεῦσιν
is
mentioned
as
a
form
that
would
be
regular
by
Eust. 1348.27
:—Homer
uses
nom.
υἱός
(very
freq.);
gen.
υἱοῦ
only
in
Od. 22.238
,
elsewh.
υἱέος;
dat.
υἱέϊ
or
υἱεῖ;
acc.
υἱέα
Il. 13.350
(cf.
IGRom.
4.360.29
(Pergam.,
hex.)),
elsewh.
υἱόν
(very
freq.):
pl.,
nom.
υἱέες
Il. 5.10
,
al.,
or
υἱεῖς
Od. 15.248
,
24.387
,
497
;
gen.
υἱῶν
Il. 21.587
,
22.44
,
Od. 24.223
;
dat.
υἱοῖσι
(
ν
)
only
Od. 19.418
,
υἱάσι
(
ν
)
Il. 5.463
,
al.
(never
υἱέσι
);
acc.
υἱέας
ib.
149
,
al.:—
he
also
uses
the
shorter
forms,
gen.
υἷος,
υἷι,
υἷα,
dual
υἷε
(distd.
from
the
voc.
sg.
υἱέ
by
the
accent),
pl.
υἷες,
υἷας;
but
these
were
confined
to
Ep.
:
their
accentuation
(in
which
codd.
agree
with
Hdn.Gr.
1.409
)
may
preserve
a
trace
of
their
Aeolic
origin
(v.
infr.).
The
declension
υἱῆος,
υἱῆϊ,
υἱῆα,
υἱῆες,
υἱήεσσι,
υἱῆας
(like
βασιλῆος,
etc.,
as
though
from
υἱεύς
),
belongs
solely
to
later
Ep.
poets,
as
A.R. 2.1093
,
1119
,
Nic.
Fr.
110,
AP 9.23
(Antip.),
etc.
Dialect
Inscrr.
have
the
foll.
archaic
forms,
nom.
υἱύς
IG
5 (1).720 (
Lacon.
),
Leg.Gort.
12.17 (
υιυις
lapis);
acc.
υἱύν
Inscr.Olymp.
30,
Leg.Gort.
10.15;
gen.
υἱέος
ib.6.3,
Schwyzer
105
(Methana,
vi
B.
C.
);
but
υἱοῦ
IG
9(1).867
(Corc.,
vii
B.
C.
);
nom.
pl.
υἱέες
Leg.Gort.
7.25;
acc.
pl.
υἱύνς
ib.
4.40,
IG
12.407
(Cret.
or
Argive);
dat.
pl.
υἱάσι
Leg.Gort.
4.37
(as
in
Hom.
,
influenced
by
θυγατράσι,
πατράσι,
which
have
ρα
=
ṛ,
cf.
Skt.
pitṛṣu
);
ὑέεσσι
IG
14.10
(Syrac.);
υἷος
in
SIG
55
(Thessaly,
v
B.
C.
)
is
perh.
the
Aeol.
gen.
(
ὑός
is
nom.
rather
than
gen.
in
IG
12.828);
acc.
ὗα
Schwyzer
625
(Mytil.,
ii/i
B.
C.
);
a
nom.
ὑϊς
(scanned
-˘)
IG
12.472
(Boeotia,
vi
B.
C.
),
cf.
Simon. 249
(v.
infr.);
nom.
pl.
ὗες
IG
22.3632.24
(hex.,
Eleusis,
ii
A.
D.
).
The
initial
syll.
is
both
υἱ
-and
ὑ
-
in
Att.
Inscrr.
down
to
400
B.C.
(e.
g.
ὑεῖς
IG
12.115.14,
ὑέ[σιν]
ib.54.14,
ὑόν
v.
supr.),
afterwards
ὑ-,
but
υἱός
reappears
under
the
Empire;
in
Plato
cod.
A
usually
has
ὑιος,
which
is
found
also
in
T,
cod.
B
always
has
υἱός,
editors
restore
ὑός;
acc.
υἱόν
is
recommended
by
Phryn.
l.
c.;
in
Inscrr.
of
Pergamon,
Magnesia,
and
Delphi,
and
in
non-literary
Papyri,
ὑός
is
at
all
times
less
common
than
υἱός
:—
ὁ
υεἱός
CIG
(add.)
3857p;
dat.
υεἱῷ
ib.3846z82
(both
Phrygia),
cf.
BCH
11.471:—
A.
son,
Il. 6.366
,
etc.;
υἱὸν
ποιεῖσθαί
τινα
to
adopt
as
a
son,
Aeschin. 2.28
;
υἱεῖς
ἄνδρες
grown-up
sons,
D. 25.88
:
metaph.,
Κόρον
Ὕβριος
υἱόν
Orac.
ap.
Hdt. 8.77
:
rarely
of
animals,
Ev.Matt. 21.5
.
2.
periphr.,
υἷες
Ἀχαιῶν,
for
Ἀχαιοί,
Il. 1.162
,
al.;
cf.
παῖς
I.3.
3.
generally,
child,
and
so
υἱ.
ἄρρην
male
child,
Apoc.
12.5,
PSI 9.1039.36
(iii
A.
D.)
.
4.
freq.
in
LXX
in
periphrases
(Hebraisms
with
various
meanings),
υἱὸς
ἐτῶν
ἑκατόν
100
years
old,
Ge.
11.10,
al.;
υἱοὶ
ἀδικίας
2 Ki. 7.10
;
υἱοὶ
θανατώσεως
1 Ki. 26.16
;
υἱοὶ
τῶν
συμμίζεων
hostages,
4 Ki. 14.14
;
so
υἱὸς
εἰρήνης
Ev.Luc. 10.6
.
5.
in
some
dialects,
including
the
Ion.
Prose
of
Hdt.
,
υἱός
is
replaced
by
παῖς
:
υἱός
is
rare
in
Trag.,
A. Th. 609
,
Fr. 320
,
E. Or. 1689
(anap.),
al.,
and
7
times
in
S.
:
Hom.
has
both
words
in
this
sense.
6.
as
a
general
term
of
affection,
PGiss. 68.2
(ii
A.
D.)
,
POxy. 1219.2
(iii
A.
D.)
;
υἱέ,
an
authorʼs
address
to
the
reader,
LXX Pr. 1.8
,
al.
7.
δάμου
υἱός,
υἱὸς
πόλεως,
Ἑλλάδος,
as
titles
of
honour,
SIG
804.10
(Cos,
i
A.
D.
), 813
A,B
(Delph.,
i
A.
D.
), 854
(Eleusis,
i
A.
D.
).
8.
υἱοὶ
ἀνθρώπων
sons
of
men,
periphr.
for
men
(cf.
supr.
2,4),
LXXPs. 89(90).3
;
οἱ
υἱοὶ
τῶν
ἀ.
ib.
Ge. 11.5
,
Ev.Marc. 3.28
;
υἱὸς
ἀνθρώπου
man,
LXXEz. 2.1
,
3
,
al.;
of
the
Messiah,
ib.
Da. 7.13
,
Apoc. 14.14
;
used
by
Jesus
of
himself,
Ev.Matt. 8.20
,
al.
(by
Stephen
recalling
the
words
of
Jesus,
Act.Ap. 7.56
).
9.
υἱοὶ
Θεοῦ
sons
of
God,
implying
inheritors
of
the
nature
of
God
(cf.
supr.
4),
Ev.Matt. 5.9
,
cf.
45
,
Ev.Luc. 6.35
;
implying
participants
in
the
glory
of
God,
ib.
20.36
.
b.
of
Jesus,
τὸ
γεννώμενον
κληθήσεται
υἱὸς
Θεοῦ
ib.
1.35
;
ὁ
Χριστός,
ὁ
υἱὸς
τοῦ
Θεοῦ,
Ev.Matt. 26.63
,
cf.
Ev.Jo. 1.34
.
c.
Θεοῦ
υἱός,
=
Lat.
Divi
(sc.
Caesaris
)
filius,
patronymic
of
Augustus,
BGU 543.3
(
27
B.C.),
PTeb. 382.21
(i
B.
C.)
,
IG
12(3).174.2
(Epist.
ad
Cnidios,
5
A.D.).
[Hom.sts.
has
the
first
syll.
short
in
nom.,
voc.
and
acc.
sg.,
οὐδὲ
Δρύαντος
υἱός
Il. 6.130
;
Ἀμφιτρύωνος
υἱός
Od. 11.270
;
Ποδῆς
υἱὸς
Ἠετίωνος
Il. 17.575
,
cf.
590
;
Ἀνθεμίωνος
υἱόν
4.473
;
Σελάγου
υἱόν
5.612
;
Ἕκτορ,
υἱὲ
Πριάμοιο
7.47
;
and
Πηλῆος
υἱός,
Μηκιστῆος
υἱός
seem
to
be
the
better
readings
in
1.489
,
2.566
:
in
these
places
some
other
form
ought
perh.
to
be
restored,
but
none
of
the
known
forms
has
a
short
ῠ
:
ὑός
has
ῡ
in
IG
12.585
(vi
B.
C.)
, 828
(v
B.
C.)
, 2.2338, 22.4319
(both
iv
B.
C.
);
Simon.l.c.
seems
to
have
used
a
monosyll.
nom.
υἷς,
and
Hdn.Gr.
may
have
read
it
as
ὕις
(
⏑⏑
),
but
this
is
uncertain,
as
in
Sch.
Il. 5.266
he
seems
to
say
that
ὕις
(
υἷις
cod.)
does
not
occur.]
(Prob.
from
*sū-yú-s,
cf.
Skt.
sūte
‘procreate’,
Tocharian
(A-dial.)
se,
(B-dial.)
soyä
‘sonʼ;
different
suffix
in
*sū-nu-s,
Skt.
sūnūs,
etc.,
and
in
*sǔ-nu-s,
OE.
sunu,
etc.
(all
=
son
);
*sūyú-
perh.
became
*sǔwyú-,
then
*suiwú-;
υἱός
and
υἱόν
perh.
by
dissimilation
from
υἱύς
υἱύν,
since
the
o-stem
forms
appear
first
where
υ-υ
would
otherwise
be
repeated;
ὗϊς
(
ὑΐς
)
may
be
another
dissimilation;
the
precise
origin
of
υἷος
υἷι
υἷες
etc.
is
uncertain.)