A. otherwise: used adversatively to limit or oppose words, sentences, or clauses, stronger than δέ:

I. in simple oppositions, but,

1. after neg. clauses, οὐ κακός, ἀλλʼ ἀγαθός Thgn. 212; οὐδὲ μὲν Ἕκτωρ μίμνεν, ἀλλʼ . . ἐφορμᾶται Il. 15.690, etc.

b. after a simple neg., ἦ παραφρονεῖς; οὔκ, ἀλλʼ ὕπνος μʼ ἔχει Ar. V. 9, etc.

c. freq. after οὐ μόνον, μὴ μόνον, with or without καί, οὐ μόνον ἅπαξ, ἀ. πολλάκις Pl. Phdr. 228a, cf. Th. 3.59, X. Mem. 1.4.13, etc.; without μόνον, οὐχ ἑσπέρας, ἀλλὰ καὶ μεσημβρίας E. Fr. 1006: also after οὐχ (or μὴ ( ὅτι, οὐχ (or μὴ) ὅπως, either, not only . . but . . , μὴ ὅτι ἰδιώτην τινά, ἀλλὰ τὸν μέγαν βασιλέα Pl. Ap. 40d; μὴ ὅτι κατὰ τὸ σῶμα, ἀλλὰ καὶ κατὰ τὴν ψυχήν Id. Smp. 207e; or, not only not . . but . . , οὐχ ὅπως κωλυταὶ . . γενήσεσθε, ἀλλὰ καὶ . . περιόψεσθε Th. 1.35; οὐχ ὅτι ὠργίζοντο, ἀλλʼ ἐζήλουν D. 19.265; the neg. form is ἀλλʼ οὐδέ, μὴ ὅτι ὑπὲρ ἄλλου, ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ ὑπὲρ ἐμαυτοῦ δίκην εἴρηκα Is. 10.1, etc.

2. in the apodosis of hypothetical sentences, still, at least, εἴπερ γάρ τε . . ἀλλά τε Il. 1.82, etc.: in Prose, esp. ἀλλʼ οὖν . . γε or ἀλλά . . γε, εἰ καὶ σμικρά, ἀ. οὖν ἴση γε ἡ χάρις Hdt. 3.140; εἰ μή (sc. ὁρῶ) , ἀλλʼ ἀκούω γε, Pl. Grg. 470d, cf. Isoc. 3.15,al.; εἰ μηδέν ἐστι τελευτήσαντι, ἀλλʼ οὖν τοῦτόν γε τὸν χρόνον ἧττον ἀηδὴς ἔσομαι Pl. Phd. 91b (in later Gk. ἀλλά γε may be in juxtaposition, εἰ ἄλλοις οὐκ εἰμὶ ἀπόστολος, ἀλλά γε ὑμῖν εἰμί 1 Ep.Cor. 9.2, and ἀ. γε δή is found with vv. Il. in Pl. Phdr. 262a); εἰ καὶ μετέχουσι . . ἀλλʼ οὐ . . Arist. Pol. 1282a11:—less freq. after Conjunctions of Time, as ἐπεὶ δή Od. 14.151; ἐπεί S. OC 241.

b. after Hom., ἀ. is used elliptically, esp. with Advbs. of Time, ὦ θεοὶ πατρῷοι, συγγένεσθέ γʼ ἀ. νῦν (sc. εἰ μὴ πρότερον, ἀ. νῦν γε) S. El. 411, cf. Ant. 552, E. Heracl. 565; ἀ. τῷ χρόνῳ Id. Med. 912; ἐὰν οὖν ἀ. νῦν γʼ ἔτι, i.e.ἐὰν οὖν [μὴἄλλοτε], ἀ. νῦν γε . . if then now at least ye still . . , D. 3.33, cf. Lys. 10.15:—without an Adv. of Time, at least, ἡ δʼ ἀ. πρός σε μικρὸν εἰπάτω μόνον Ar. Pax 660, cf. S. OC 1276, E. HF 331.

3. sts.= ἀλλʼ ἤ (q.v.), except, but, οὔτι μοι αἴτιος ἄλλος, ἀ . . . τοκῆε no one else, but . . , Od. 8.312; οὐδέ τις ἄλλη φαίνετο γαιάων, ἀ. οὐρανὸς ἠδὲ θάλασσα 12.404; ἔπαισεν οὔτις ἀ. ἐγώ S. OT 1331; ἡδέα . . οὐκ ἔστιν ἀ. τούτοις Arist. EN 1176a22, cf. 1152b30: cf. reverse process in our word but=be out, except:—sts. with force of ἤ after comparatives, τάφον, οὐκ ἐν ᾧ κεῖνται μᾶλλον, ἀ.ἐν ᾧ ἡ δόξα κτλ. not that in which they are lying, but far more . . , Th. 2.43; οὐχ ὅπλων τὸ πλέον, ἀ. δαπάνης Id. 1.83.

4. with neg. after an affirmative word or clause, to be rendered simply by not, ἀγαθῶν, ἀ. οὐχὶ κακῶν αἴτιον Lys. 14.16; τῶν σπουδαίων, ἀ. μὴ τῶν φαύλων Isoc. 1.2; ἐκεῖθεν, ἀ. οὐκ ἐνθένδε ἡρπάσθη Pl. Phdr. 229d:—after a question, τί δεῖ ἐμβαλεῖν λόγον περὶ τούτου, ἀ. οὐχὶ προειπεῖν; X. Cyr. 2.2.19, cf. Isoc. 15.229, etc.

b. without neg., μικρὸς μὲν ἔην δέμας, ἀ. μαχητής Il. 5.801.

II. to oppose whole sentences,but, yet:

1. freq. in transitions, as Il. 1.135, 140, etc.; ἀ. καὶ ὥς . . 1.116; ἀ. οὐδʼ ὥς . . Od. 1.6:—after Hom. in answers and objections, nay but . . , well but . . , freq. with negs., esp. in making and answering objections, Ar. Ach. 402, 407; also in affirmative answers, Pl. Prt. 330b, Grg. 449a, etc.:—repeated in a succession of questions or objections, πότερον ᾔτουν σέ τι . . ; ἀ. ἀπῄτουν; ἀ. περὶ παιδικῶν μαχόμενος; ἀ. μεθύων ἐπαρῴνησα; X. An. 5.8.4, cf. Pl. Thg. 123e, Isoc. 17.47; ἀ. μήν . . , answered by ἀ . . , Arist. Pol. 1287a23:—in vehement answers Pl. often uses νὴ τοὺς θεοὺς ἀ . . . , μὰ Δίʼ ἀ . . , Grg. 481c, Phlb. 36a, cf. Alc. 1.110b, c:—at beginning of speech, to introduce a general objection, Od. 4.472, cf.X. Smp. 1, Men. Georg. 22.

2. with imper. or subj., to remonstrate, encourage, persuade, etc., freq. in Hom., ἀ. ἄγε, ἴθι, Il. 1.210, 11.611; ἀ. ἴομεν 6.526; ἀ. πίθεσθε 1.259; after voc., ὦ Φίντις, ἀ. ζεῦξον Pi. O. 6.22, cf. Tyrt. 10.15, etc.; answered by a second ἀ., ἀ. περιμένετε. ἀ. περιμενοῦμεν Pl. R. 327b; ἀλλʼ ἕρπεθʼ ὡς τάχιστα S. OC 1643, cf. Ant. 1029, etc.

3. to break off a subject abruptly, ἀ. τά γε Ζεὺς οἶδεν Od. 15.523; ἀ. ταῦτα μὲν τί δεῖλέγειν; S. Ph. 11, cf. Tr. 467, etc.

4. in resuming an address after parenthesis, Pi. O. 2.12, 4.7.

5. in elliptical phrases, οὐ μὴν ἀ., οὐ μέντοι ἀ . . . it is not [so], but . . , ὁ ἵππος πίπτει καὶ μικροῦ αὐτὸν ἐξετραχήλισεν· οὐ μὴν [ἐξετραχήλισεν] ἀ. ἐπέμεινεν ὁ Κῦρος it did not however [throw him], but . . , X. Cyr. 1.4.8; οὐ μέντοι ἀ. Pl. Smp. 173b; οὐ γὰρ ἀ. Ar. Ra. 58,498:—after δέ, ὑμεῖς δέ μʼ ἀ. παιδὶ συμφονεύσατε E. Hec. 391.

III. when joined with other Particles, each retains proper force, as,

1. ἀλλʼ ἄρα, used by Hom. in transitions, Il. 6.418, 12.320, etc.; later, to introduce an objection, Pl. Ap. 25a; in questions,ἀλλʼ ἆρα . . ; Id. R. 381b.

2. ἀλλʼ οὖν, concessive, at all events, Ar. Ra. 1298; τοὺς πρώτους χρόνους ἀ. οὖν προσεποιοῦνθʼ ὑμῖν εἶναι φίλοι Aeschin. 3.86; well then, Pl. Prt. 310a; but then, however, with γε following, Hdt. 3.140, S. Ant. 84, E. Cyc. 652, Isoc. 3.18, etc.; ἀλλʼ οὖν γε in apodosi, v. supr. I.2.

3. ἀλλὰ γάρ, freq. with words between, but really, certainly, as ἀλλὰ γὰρ Κρέοντα λεύσσω . . , παύσω γόους, but this is irreg. for ἀλλά, Κρέοντα γὰρ λεύσσω, παύσω γόους, E. Ph. 1308, cf. S. Ant. 148; for the reg. order cf. S. Ph. 81, E. Heracl. 480, Med. 1067; freq. elliptical, the Verb being understood, Hdt. 8.8, A. Pr. 941, S. Ant. 155: in Hom. only with negs., ἀλλʼ οὐ γάρ Il. 7.242, Od. 14.355, al., cf. S. OT 1409; ἀ. γὰρ δή, ἀ. γάρ τοι, S. Aj. 167, Ph. 81.

4. ἀ. εἰ . . quid si . . ? Il. 16.559.

5. ἀ. ἦ in questions, chiefly of surprise or remonstrance, A. Ch. 220, S. El. 879, Ar. Ach. 1111; ἀλλʼ ἦ, τὸ λεγόμενον, κατόπιν ἑορτῆς ἥκομεν; Pl. Grg. 447a, cf. Prt. 309c.

6. ἀ. followed by strengthening Particle, ἀλλʼ ἤτοι μὲν ταῦτα θεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται Il. 17.514; esp. c. imper., 1.211, al.; ἀλλά τοι Od. 15.518, A. Pers. 795, etc.; ἀ. μέντοι, with or without γε, Pl. Smp. 214e, Hp.Ma. 287d, al.; ἀ. μήν, v. μήν; ἀ. δή, mostly with words between, S. Aj. 1271, OC 586, Isoc. 4.109, etc.; without intervening words, Pl. Ap. 37c, al.; ἀ. δῆτα Id. Hp.Ma. 285c; ἀ. μὲν δὴ καὶ αὐτός Id. Tht. 143b, cf. S. El. 103.

IV. = et quidem, Olymp. in Mete. 1.13, al.