A. alike, equal, Hom., only fem. sg. and pl., always in set phrases (exc. [ἵππους]..σταφύλῃ ἐπὶ νῶτον ἐΐσας equal in height, Il. 2.765):

1. most freq. of a feast, equal, i.e. equally shared, of which each partakes alike, esp. of sacrificial feasts or of meals given to a stranger (for on other occasions the greatest men had the best portions), δαιτὸς ἐΐσης 1.468,al.

2. of ships, even or well-balanced, νηὸς ἐΐσης 15.729; νῆες ἐῗσαι Od. 5.175,al.

3. of a shield, evenly balanced, ἀσπίδα πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην Il. 12.294, 13.157, 160, etc.

4. of the mind, even, well-balanced, φρένας ἔνδον ἐΐσας Od. 11.337, 14.178.

A. equal in size, strength, or number, c. dat., κύματα ἶσα ὄρεσσιν Od. 3.290, etc.; freq. of appearance, like, ἶσος ἀναύδῳ 10.378; ἶσος Ἄρευι Sapph. 91 (dub.); ἴσος θεοῖσιν Ead.2.1: freq.abs., ἴσην . . βίην καὶ κῦδος Il. 7.205; ἶσον θυμὸν ἔχειν to be of like mind, 13.704, 17.720: neut. as Adv., ἶσον ἐμοὶ φρονέουσα 15.50; θεοῖσιν ἶσʼ ἔθελε φρονέειν 5.441, cf. 21.315, etc.; ἴσος τινὶ τὸ μέγαθος, ὕψος, Hdt. 2.32, 124; τὸ μῆκος, τὸ πλάτος, X. An. 5.4.32; ἀριθμόν E. Supp. 662; ἴσα τὸν ἀ. Pl. R. 441c; ποτὴν ἴσον equal in flight of song, Alex.Aet. 5.5; ἴσον, τό, copy of a document, PLond. 3.1222.5 (ii A.D.), etc.: with dat. pers. in place of an object of comparison, οὐ μὲν σοί ποτε ἶσον ἔχω γέρας (i.e. τῷ σῷ γέραϊ) Il. 1.163; τοῖσδʼ ἴσας ναῦς (i.e. ταῖς τῶνδε) E. IA 262(lyr.); ἴσα τοῖς νῦν στρατηγοῖς ἀγάθʼ εἰργασμένους D. 13.21: folld. by a relative word, ἐμοὶ ἴσον . . , ὅσονπερ ὑμῖν the same to me as to you, Ar. Ec. 173; τὰ ἐκεῖ ἴσα, ὥσπερ τὰ ἐνθάδε Lys. 19.36 codd. (fort. σᾶ) ; τὰ ἴσα ὅσαπερ . . Lex ap.D. 23.44; ἴσον . . ὅπερ Pl. Erx. 405b.

2. repeated to denote equal relations, ἴσα πρὸς ἴσα tit for tat, Hdt. 1.2; ταχθέντες ἴσοι πρὸς ἴσους S. Ant. 142 (anap.); ἴσους ἴσοισι . . ἀντιθείς E. Ph. 750; ἴσα ἀντὶ ἴσων λαμβάνειν, ἐκδοῦναι Pl. Lg. 774c; ἴσος ἴσῳ (sc. οἶνος ὕδατι) Cratin. 184, Com.Adesp. 107, etc.; κύλικος ἴσον ἴσῳ κεκραμένης (where ἴσον is adverbial) Ar. Pl. 1132; διδόναι γάλα καὶ οἶνον πίνειν ἴσον ἴσῳ Hp. Epid. 2.5.1: metaph., ‘fairly blended’, μηδὲν ἴσον ἴσῳ φέρων Ar. Ach. 354.

3. of persons, equal in rights, βούλεται ἡ πόλις ἐξ ἴσων εἶναι καὶ ὁμοίων Arist. Pol. 1295b25; ἡ πολιτικὴ ἐλευθέρων καὶ ἴσων ἀρχή ib. 1255b20; τὸ κατʼ ἀξίαν ἴ. ib.1307a26, al.

II. equally divided or distributed, ἴση μοῖρα Il. 9.318; ἴση alone, oneʼs equal share, μή τίς μοι ἀτεμβόμενος κίοι ἴσης Od. 9.42 (ἴσσης cj. Fick, cf. ἴσσασθαι) ; τὴν ἴ. ἔχων Cratin. 250; οὐ μὴν ἴ. ἔτεισεν (sc. τίσιν) S. OT 810; ἄχρι τῆς ἴ. up to the point of equality, D. 5.17: neut., μὴ ἴσον νεῖμαι ἑκατέρῳ Pl. Prt. 337a; οὐ μόνον ἴσον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πλέον ἔχειν Isoc. 17.57; οὐκ ἀνέξῃ δωμάτων ἔχων ἴσον καὶ τῷδε νεῖμαι; E. Ph. 547; τὰ ἴσα fair measure, τὰ ἴ. νέμειν Hdt. 6.11; μὴ ἴσων ἕκαστον τυγχάνειν ἀλλὰ πλεονεκτεῖν, X. Cyr. 2.2.20; προστυχεῖν τῶν ἴ. to obtain fair terms, S. Ph. 552; κἂν ἴσαι (sc. ψῆφοι) γένωνται equally divided, Ar. Ra. 685.

2. based on equality of rights, ἴ. καὶ ἔννομος πολιτεία Aeschin. 1.5; τὴν πολιτείαν ἰσαιτέραν καθιστάναι Th. 8.89; τὰ ἴ. equal rights, equality, freq. joined with τὰ ὅμοια or τὰ δίκαια, ὡς τῆς πολιτείας ἐσομένης ἐν τοῖς ἴ. καὶ ὁμοίοις X. HG 7.1.45; τῶν ἴ. καὶ τῶν δικαίων ἕκαστος ἡγεῖται ἑαυτῷ μετεῖναι ἐν τῇ δημοκρατίᾳ D. 21.67; οὐ μέτεστι τῶν ἴ. οὐδὲ τῶν ὁμοίων πρὸς τοὺς πλουσίους τοῖς λοιποῖς ib.112; τῶν ἴ. μετεῖχε τοῖς ἄλλοις ib.96; also ἡ ἴ. καὶ ὁμοία (sc. δίκη) , τῆς ἴ. καὶ ὁμοίας μετέχειν Th. 4.105; ἐπʼ ἴ. τε καὶ ὁμοίῃ on fair and equal terms, Hdt. 9.7.αʹ, cf. Th. 1.145; ἐπὶ τῇ ἴ. καὶ ὁμοίᾳ ib.27, cf. SIG 312.27 (Samos, iv B.C.), OGI 229.44 (Smyrna, iii B.C.), etc.: generally, just, fair, ἐκ ποίας ἴ. καὶ δικαίας προφάς εως; D. 18.284.

3. of persons, fair, impartial, S. Ph. 684(lyr.), OT 677; ἴ. δικαστής Pl. Lg. 957c; ἴ. καὶ κοινοὶ ἀκροαταί D. 29.1, cf. 18.7; ἴ. καὶ κοινὸν δικαστήριον Id. 7.36; κοινοὺς μὲν . . , ἴ. δὲ μή Pl. Prt. 337a; ἴ. ἴσθι κρινων Men. Mon. 266, cf. 257; κριταὶ ἴ. καὶ δίκαιοι Plb. 24.15.3, etc.

4. adequate, ἡ ἴ. φρουρά Th. 7.27 (expld. by Sch. as regular, τεταγμένη) ; ἴσος τοῖς παροῦσι Id. 1.132.

III. of ground, even, flat, εἰς τὸ ἴ. καταβαίνειν, of an army, X. An. 4.6.18 (but ἐν ἴσῳ προσιέναι to advance with even step, ib.1.8.11); λέουσιν εἰς τὸ ἴ. καθιστάμενοι μάχεσθαι, opp. μετὰ πλεονεξίας ἀγωνίζεσθαι, on even terms, Id. Cyr. 1.6.28; ἴ. τοῖχος, opp. κεκλικώς, perpendicular, Phlp. in APo. 2.27.

IV. Adv. ἴσως (v. sub voc.): but also,

1. neut. sg. and pl. from Hom. downwds. (v. sub init.), ἶσον . . ἀπήχθετο κηρὶ μελαίνῃ even as Death, Il. 3.454; ἶσον ἐμοὶ βασίυε be king like me, 9.616; ἶσον γάρ σε θεῷ τίσουσιν Ἀχαιοί ib. 603; ἶσον ἐμῇ κεφαλῇ 18.82; τὸν . . ἶσα θεῷ . . εἰσορόωσιν Od. 15.520; ἶσα φίλοισι τέκεσσι Il. 5.71, cf. 13.176, Od. 1.432, 11.304, etc.: later abs., alike, δείλαιε τοῦ νοῦ τῆς τε συμφορᾶς ἴσον S. OT 1347; τὴν Σάμον καὶ Ἡρακλέας στήλας ἴσον ἀπέχειν Hdt. 8.132: c. dat., ἴσον ναοῖς θεῶν E. Hel. 801; ἴσον ἄπεσμεν τῷ πρίν equally as before, Id. Hipp. 302 (v.l. τῶν πρίν) ; ἴσα τοῖς πάνυ D.C. Fr. 70.6; ἴσα καί . . like as, as if, S. OT 1187(lyr.), E. El. 994 (anap.), Th. 3.14; ἴσον ὡς . . E. Ion 1363; ὥσπερ . . S. El. 532; ὥστε . . E. Or. 882; ἅτε . . Id. HF 667(lyr.); ὅσονπερ . . D. 15.1.

2. with Preps.: ἀπὸ τῆς ἴσης equally, Th. 1.15; ὁ ἀπὸ τῆς ἴ. ἐχθρός Id. 3.40; ἀπʼ ἴσης εἶναι D. 14.6; ἀφʼ ἵσου SIG 426.14 (Teos, iii B.C.); διʼ ἴσου D.C. 43.37; at equal distance, Pl. R. 617b: also in Math., ex aequali, of proportions, Euc. 5 Def. 17, al.; διʼ ἴ. ἐν τεταραγμένῃ ἀναλογίᾳ ex aequali in disturbed proportion, Archim. Sph.Cyl. 2.4,al., Papp. 932.11; ἐν ἴσῳ equally, Th. 2.53, 4.65; ἐν ἴσῳ ἐστί it matters not, E. IA 1199; ἐν ἴσῳ [ἐστὶ] καὶ εἰ . . Th. 2.60; ἐν τῷ ἴσῳ εἶναι Id. 4.10; ἐξ ἴσης Pl. Lg. 861a: more freq. ἐξ ἴσου Hdt. 7.135, S. OT 563, etc.; ἐξ ἴ. τινί Id. Ant. 516, 644, Antipho 5.1, Pl. Grg. 517a; evenly, εὐθεῖα γραμμή ἐστιν ἥτις ἐξ ἴ. τοῖς ἐφʼ ἑαυτῆς σημείοις κεῖται Euc. 1 Def. 4; ἐξ ἴ. καὶ . . S. OC 254; ὡς . . Id. OT 61; οἱ ἐξ ἴ. persons of equal station, Pl. Lg. 777d, cf. 919d; ὁ ἐξ ἴ. κίνδυνος Plb. 9.4.4; ἐκ τοῦ ἴ. γίγνεσθαί τινι Th. 2.3; τοῖς ἐκ τοῦ ἴσου ἡμῖν οὖσι X. Hier. 8.5; ἐξ ἴσου τισὶ τῆς πολιτείας μεταδιδόναι Lys. 25.3; ἐκ τοῦ ἴ. μάχεσθαι to be evenly matched, X. HG 2.4.16; ἐξ ἴ. πολεμεῖν D. 8.47; κατὰ μῆνα τὸ αἱροῦν ἐξ ἴ. the sum due in equal monthly instalments, PAmh. 2.92.14, etc.; ἐπὶ or ἐπʼ ἴσης, ἐπὶ ἴ. διαφέρειν τὸν πόλεμον Hdt. 1.74; τοῦτο ἐπʼ ἴσης ἔχει Id. 7.50, cf. S. El. 1062(lyr.), etc.; ἐπʼ ἴσου Plb. 1.18.10; ἐπʼ ἴσον Id. 6.38.4, cf. Docum. ap. D. 18.106, Phld. Ir.p.21 W.; ἐπὶ ἶσα μάχη τέτατο Il. 12.436; cf. κατὰ ἶσα μάχην ἐτάνυσσε 11.336; κατʼ ἴσον Dsc. 1.68.6, Gal. UP 1.19; μετʼ ἴσου equally, Demetr.Lac. Herc. 124.12.

V. Comp. ἰσαίτερος E. Supp. 441, Th. 8.89, X. HG 7.1.14: Sup. ἰσότατος Timo 68; ἰσαίτατος Ph. 1.462. Adv. ὡς ἰσαίτατα Pl. Lg. 744c, but ὡς ἰσότατα SIG 531.30 (Dyme). [ῑ in early Ep. (exc. Hes. Op. 752), cf. Sol. 24.1: ῐ first in Thgn. 678, Sapph. 2.1 (but ἶσος Ead.91 s.v.l.), B. 5.46 (but ἶσον 1.62, Fr. 2.2), and always in Pi. (exc. in compd. ῑσοδαίμων) and Trag. (A. Fr. 216 is dub. l.) exc. in compd. ῑσό-θεος (q.v.); dub. in ἰσ-όνειρος. Both quantities are found in later poetry, sts. in same line, ἔχοισαν ἴσον κάτω, ἶσον ἄνωθεν Theoc. 8.19; πρέσβυν ἴσον κούροις, ἶσον ἁδόντα κόραις APl. 16.309.]