LogeionPerseus analysis of ὤ:
ὦ (O! oh!): indeclform (exclam)
LSJ entry
ὦ
ὦ and ὤ,
an exclamation, expressing surprise, joy, or pain, II. with voc., a mode of address, whether at the beginning of a sentence or in a parenthesis, ὦ Ἀχιλεῦ Il. 1.74,
etc., esp. in dialogue and Oratt., ἐβουλόμην, ὦ ἄνδρες, τὴν δύναμιν κτλ. Antipho.5.1;
in invocations of the gods, ὦ Ζεῦ τε καὶ Γῆ καὶ πολισσοῦχοι θεοί A. Th. 69,
etc.; with imper., ὦ χαῖρε Id. Ag. 22,
S. Aj. 91;
ὦ πρὸς θεῶν ὕπεικε ib.371,
cf. D. 21.98:
sts. following the Verb, E. Tr. 335 (lyr.); in different number from the voc., προσέλθετʼ, ὦ παῖ, πατρί S. OC 1104,
cf. 1112,
Sch.Ar. Pl. 66.
4. with the latter of two nouns, Ἀγάμεμνον, ὦ Μενέλαε Id. Ph. 794.—In the first sense usu. written ὤ, in the second ὦ :
[τὸ ὢ] ἡνίκα θαυμαστικὸν λαμβάνεται βαρύνεται, καὶ χωρεῐ εἰς ἐπιρρηματικὴν σύνταξιν, οἷον ὢ Ἡρακλῆς EM 79.13:
Thom.Mag. p.408R. prescribes ὢ with the gen., but ὦ with the voc., e.g. ὦ Ἡράκλεις, where the whole expression, and not merely the ὤ (
ὦ,)
expresses surprise (but A.D. Adv. 127.24 seems to imply ὦ in both senses); ὤ as an exclam. is found in forms like ὤ μοι, ὤ μοι ἐγώ, ὢ πρὸς τῶν θεῶν D. l. c.: but ὦ πόποι δυσὶ τόνοις χρῆται Hdn.Gr.1.503,
so that ὢ πόποι is improbable, cf. Theognost. Can. 158
(as emended by Lehrs Aristarch. 3p.119); ᾤμοι and ὤμοι are both recognized by EM 822.33,
cf. Lex.Mess.p.413; ωιμʼ Sapph. Supp. 23.4;
in E.,
when it stands in the middle of a sentence, it shd. be written ὤ, Hipp. 362,
al.: sts. doubled, ὢ ὢ κακά A. Ag. 1214;
ἰὼ ὢ ὤ S. OC 224 (v.l. ὣ ὣ ὣ); written ὼ ώ in Pap. of S. Ichn. 61;
tripled, ὢ ὢ ὤ A. Pers. 985 (lyr., prob.). To those who (like D.T. 640.11,
cf. Sch. D.T.p.257H.)
took ὦ for the voc. of the Art. ὁ,
A.D. Synt. 45.22-
53 replies at length.